Introduction
Chemical gloves are essential personal protective equipment (PPE) used widely in chemical, industrial, and laboratory settings to shield the hands and prevent exposure to hazardous substances. Selecting the right chemical gloves is critical, as different glove materials provide protection against specific chemicals and environments. The raw materials and manufacturing processes impart key physical and chemical properties that determine the functions and applications of different chemical glove types.
Common Raw Materials
Chemical gloves are typically made from synthetic rubber, natural rubber latex, nitrile, neoprene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and other specialty materials. Here is an overview:
| Material | Description |
|---|---|
| Natural Rubber Latex | Derived from the sap of rubber trees; stretchy and flexible; provides good chemical resistance except to petroleum products |
| Nitrile | Synthetic rubber; more chemical-resistant than natural latex with added durability |
| Neoprene | Synthetic rubber; protective against oils, greases, acids, caustics and alcohols |
| Polyethylene | Thermoplastic polymer; very chemical-resistant; limited stretch and dexterity |
| PVC | Thermoplastic vinyl polymer; chemically resistant; rigid yet flexible |
The raw materials are selected based on the target chemical and physical properties needed for the glove’s intended functions. The materials are formulated, compounded with additives, and manufactured using various processes like dip molding, injection molding etc.
Key Functions
Chemical gloves serve a range of key functions:
Chemical Resistance
The gloves act as a protective barrier between hazardous chemicals and the skin. Different rubber and plastic materials have specific permeation breakthrough times and degradation resistance levels to different solvents, acids, oils etc. Selecting the right chemical resistance is vital.
Physical Protection
The gloves shield against physical hazards like cuts, abrasions etc. Thicker gloves provide better puncture and abrasion resistance.
Grip and Dexterity
The gloves must provide good grip and finger dexterity for handling equipment and objects. Nitrile, latex and rubber blends optimize grip and feel.
Comfort and Breathability
Given the extended wear times required, comfort features like breathability, sweat management and ergonomic fit are also important.
Selection Criteria
Key criteria for selecting chemical glove types include:
| Criteria | Description |
|---|---|
| Resistance to Target Chemicals | Match the glove material to the specific chemical resistance needed |
| Breakthrough Time | The time taken for the chemical to permeate through the glove material |
| Thickness | Thicker gloves (5-6 mil) provide better chemical resistance |
| Grip Requirement | Whether good dexterity and finger sensitivity is needed |
| Visibility Requirements | Some settings require high visibility colored gloves |
Proper glove selection is based on carefully evaluating the application requirements, glove capabilities, and doing trial assessments.
Conclusion
Chemical gloves are vital PPE made from specialty rubber and plastic formulations. The right choice comes down to selecting materials with chemical compatibility, adequate breakthrough times, grip, comfort and durability for the target use environment and tasks. By carefully balancing these key properties and functions, chemical gloves provide indispensable protection to millions of workers daily across industrial and laboratory settings while enhancing safety and productivity.
FAQ
What are some common disposable glove types?
Common disposable options include nitrile, latex, vinyl and neoprene gloves in a range of lengths, thicknesses and finishes. Disposable nitrile gloves provide the best all-round chemical resistance.
What are some signs of chemical glove damage or failure?
Signs include color changes, stiffening, softening, swelling, shrinkage, tackiness, cracks or punctures. Damaged or worn gloves should be replaced immediately.
Should fabric liners be used with chemical gloves?
Yes, fabric liners significantly improve comfort and sweat absorption compared to wearing gloves directly on skin over extended periods. However, they also increase glove bulk.
Should chemical gloves be re-used?
No, chemical gloves should always be worn only once then discarded per usage instructions. Used gloves likely have microscopic perforations and chemical residue risks from prior exposures. Reuse seriously compromises protectiveness.
What are some innovations in chemical glove materials?
Active innovations are focused on improving chemical resistance, comfort and breathability. Key trends include use of liquid crystal polymer films, fluorocarbon rubbers, silicone coatings and activated carbon air filters.
